What hormonal change characterizes primary dysmenorrhea?

Primary dysmenorrhea is primarily characterized by an increased production of prostaglandins, which are hormone-like substances involved in the process of inflammation and the contraction of smooth muscles, including those in the uterus. During menstruation, the endometrium releases prostaglandins that lead to uterine contractions, causing pain and discomfort, which is the hallmark of primary dysmenorrhea.

The increase in prostaglandin levels leads to heightened uterine activity and is directly linked to the severity of menstrual cramps. Higher levels of prostaglandins can cause more intense and prolonged contractions, resulting in the characteristic pain associated with primary dysmenorrhea.

Understanding this hormonal change helps to differentiate primary dysmenorrhea from secondary dysmenorrhea, which is usually associated with underlying reproductive health issues and may involve different hormonal factors.