What change in hormone levels defines menopause in women?

Menopause is characterized by the cessation of menstrual cycles and significant hormonal changes, primarily involving estrogen and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). During the transition into menopause, the ovaries gradually produce less estradiol, which is a form of estrogen. As ovarian function declines, the negative feedback loop that normally regulates the production of FSH and luteinizing hormone (LH) is altered.

Consequently, when estradiol levels drop, the body responds by increasing the secretion of FSH and LH from the pituitary gland in an attempt to stimulate the ovaries. Therefore, the defining hormonal profile of menopause is low estradiol combined with elevated FSH and LH levels. This hormonal imbalance is what signifies the end of a woman's reproductive years and the onset of menopause.

The choice reflecting low estradiol and high FSH and LH accurately captures this physiological change, making it the correct answer.